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Robust 3D object watermarking scheme using shape features for copyright protection.

Sarah M Alhammad¹, Nada Ahmed¹, Safia Abbas²

¹Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Peerj. Computer Science

|June 10, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new 3D object watermarking method using discrete wavelet transformation. The technique effectively embeds and extracts secret images into 3D models, ensuring high imperceptibility and data integrity.

Keywords:

3D object watermarking Blind extraction Discrete wavelet transform Secret grayscale image

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Area of Science:

Computer Science
Digital Image Processing
Cryptography

Background:

Digital watermarking is crucial for protecting intellectual property and ensuring data security in 3D models.
Existing methods often struggle with maintaining high imperceptibility and robustness against attacks.
Vertex-based watermarking offers a promising avenue for secure data embedding in 3D objects.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an advanced 3D object watermarking model using discrete wavelet transformation.
To embed a secret grayscale image into 3D object vertices with high fidelity.
To evaluate the model's performance in terms of imperceptibility, transparency, and execution time.

Main Methods:

Utilized discrete wavelet transformation for feature extraction from 3D object vertices.
Implemented a novel integration phase to embed an encrypted secret grayscale image three times.
Employed an extraction phase using the inverse of the integration technique for watermark retrieval.
Tested the model on diverse 3D objects including Stanford bunny, horse, cat figurine, and angel.

Main Results:

The proposed watermarking technique demonstrated superior performance in execution time and imperceptibility.
Achieved high levels of imperceptibility and transparency with minimal distortion to the 3D models.
The extracted secret grayscale image perfectly matched the original watermark, achieving a structural similarity index of 1 across all test models.

Conclusions:

The developed 3D object watermarking model offers an effective and robust solution for data security.
The method ensures high data integrity and imperceptibility, making it suitable for protecting sensitive 3D data.
Discrete wavelet transformation and vertex coefficient embedding provide a powerful combination for secure 3D watermarking.