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Generalized channel separation algorithms for accurate camera-based multi-wavelength PTT and BP estimation.

Gašper Slapničar1,2, Wenjin Wang3, Mitja Luštrek1,2

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This study introduces novel algorithms for contact-free blood pressure monitoring using multi-wavelength (MW) pulse transit time (PTT). The data-driven approach effectively separates color channels, enabling accurate blood pressure estimation from camera data.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Sensing
  • Physiological Monitoring

Background:

  • Multi-wavelength (MW) pulse transit time (PTT) enables continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring but is challenged by skin compression in contact-based methods.
  • Extending MW PTT to contact-free camera sensing is hindered by color channel overlap in RGB cameras, mixing wavelength responses and preventing accurate PTT measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate novel camera-independent, data-driven channel separation algorithms for contact-free MW PTT and BP estimation.
  • To overcome the limitations of color channel overlap in consumer RGB cameras for physiological signal acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed novel camera-independent data-driven channel separation algorithms utilizing constrained genetic algorithms.
  • Systematically validated algorithms on camera recordings of palms and ground-truth BP measurements from 13 subjects in rest and activity scenarios.
  • Compared proposed algorithms against established blind source separation methods and a camera-specific physics-based method.

Main Results:

  • The best-performing algorithm achieved Mean Absolute Errors (MAEs) of 3.48 mmHg for systolic BP and 2.61 mmHg for diastolic BP in a leave-one-subject-out experiment with personalization.
  • Demonstrated good performance in both PTT reconstruction and BP estimation using a Random Forest regressor.
  • The proposed algorithms effectively addressed color channel overlap, enabling meaningful PTT measurement from camera data.

Conclusions:

  • The developed algorithms enable novel, contact-free MW PTT and BP estimation.
  • This approach offers a promising avenue for non-invasive, continuous blood pressure monitoring using readily available camera technology.
  • The data-driven channel separation method provides a robust solution for overcoming challenges in camera-based physiological sensing.