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Interferometer-based chemical sensor on chip with enhanced responsivity and low-cost interrogation.

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Summary

This study presents a silicon chip-based interferometric chemical sensor for detecting liquid refractive index changes. An optimized device achieved 3x higher sensitivity and a low limit of detection for enhanced chemical sensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Integrated optics
  • Chemical sensing
  • Silicon photonics

Background:

  • Interferometric sensors offer high sensitivity for detecting minute changes.
  • Silicon photonics enables miniaturization and integration of optical devices.
  • Refractive index sensing is crucial for various chemical and biological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize an integrated interferometric chemical sensor on a silicon chip.
  • To compare the performance of two sensor designs with different wavelengths and polarizations.
  • To establish a low-limit-of-detection chemical sensing platform.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with exposed silicon waveguides on a chip.
  • Utilizing a fixed-wavelength laser and a demodulation architecture with a phase modulator.
  • Implementing a real-time processing algorithm based on multitone mixing for data analysis.
  • Comparing sensor performance at 1550 nm (TE polarization) and 1310 nm (TM polarization).

Main Results:

  • The sensor measures refractive index variations in liquids contacting silicon waveguides.
  • The optimized 1310 nm TM-polarized device demonstrated 3 times higher sensitivity compared to the 1550 nm TE-polarized device.
  • A limit of detection of 2.24 × 10⁻⁷ Refractive Index Units (RIU) was achieved with the optimized device.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated silicon chip interferometric sensor is effective for sensitive refractive index measurements.
  • Optimization of wavelength and polarization significantly enhances sensor performance.
  • The developed platform shows promise for advanced chemical sensing applications with high sensitivity and low detection limits.