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Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

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Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
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Paracetamol Inclusion in Mechanically Interlocked Nanocages.

Stefano Elli1, Antonino Famulari1,2, Javier Martí-Rujas1

  • 1Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica. ''Giulio Natta'', Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy.

Chempluschem
|June 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mechanically interlocked metal-organic cages (MOCs) were synthesized and loaded with paracetamol. This study demonstrates MOCs as potential nanoreactors for solid-state reactions.

Keywords:
dynamic M12L8 cagesfunctional materialskinetic controlmechanical bondpoly-[n]-catenanespowder XRDsolid-state DFTsolid-state chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Solid-state synthesis of poly-[n]-catenanes from mechanically interlocked metal-organic cages (MOCs) is underexplored.
  • Lack of suitable crystals hinders structural analysis and material development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the inclusion of paracetamol in MOCs synthesized via mechanochemistry under kinetic control.
  • To determine the structure of MOCs containing guest molecules.
  • To explore the potential of MOCs as nanoreactors.

Main Methods:

  • Solid-state synthesis using mechanochemistry.
  • Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) combined with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for structure determination.
  • Thermal analysis and NMR spectroscopy for guest molecule confirmation.
  • Instant synthesis method for rapid MOC formation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized amorphous M12L8 poly-[n]-catenanes encapsulating paracetamol.
  • Determined the structure of MOCs containing six paracetamol guests per cage.
  • Achieved rapid MOC synthesis with high paracetamol loading (~7 molecules per nanocage) and selectivity.
  • Demonstrated benzaldehyde inclusion, indicating MOCs' potential as nanoreactors.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a method for solid-state synthesis and structural determination of MOC polycatenanes.
  • M12L8 cages effectively encapsulate guest molecules like paracetamol and benzaldehyde.
  • The MOCs show promise as solid-state nanoreactors for chemical reactions.