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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Mechanoimmunology in the solid tumor microenvironment.

Matteo Golo¹, Peter L H Newman¹, Daryan Kempe¹

¹EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

Biochemical Society Transactions

|June 10, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The tumor microenvironment's mechanical properties critically impact cancer progression and immunotherapy effectiveness. Modulating these mechanics is key to enhancing cancer treatments by improving immune cell function within solid tumors.

Keywords:

T-cells biophysics cancer extracellular matrix immune response tumor microenvironments

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Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

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Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Published on: June 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Biophysics

Background:

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem influencing solid tumor progression.
Mechanical properties of the TME, such as stiffness and architecture, significantly affect tumor behavior.
Current immunotherapies face challenges due to the TME's mechanical barriers hindering immune cell activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of tumor microenvironment mechanics in cancer immunology.
To highlight therapeutic strategies targeting TME mechanical properties to enhance immunotherapy.
To discuss novel assays for evaluating the clinical efficacy of these interventions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on TME mechanics and immunology.
Analysis of therapeutic interventions modulating TME mechanical properties.
Examination of assays for assessing mechanoimmunology in cancer.

Main Results:

Altered TME mechanics contribute to tumor progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance.
The mechanical landscape of the TME impedes immune cell infiltration and function.
Modulating TME mechanics shows potential for potentiating T cell-based immunotherapies.

Conclusions:

Understanding TME mechanoimmunology is crucial for developing effective solid cancer therapies.
Targeting TME mechanics offers a promising strategy to overcome immunotherapy resistance.
Innovative assays are needed to guide clinical translation of mechanoimmunology-based therapies.