The Pre- and Post-Column Derivatization on Monosaccharide Composition Analysis, a Review.

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Polysaccharides are vital biomolecules involved in organismal growth and development.
• Understanding polysaccharide structure, particularly monosaccharide composition, is key to elucidating their biological roles and medical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of polysaccharide extraction and hydrolysis methods.
• To systematically analyze techniques for determining polysaccharide composition.
• To discuss derivatization reagents and strategies for monosaccharide analysis to enhance detection and sensitivity.

Main Methods:

• Review of established and emerging polysaccharide extraction and hydrolysis protocols.
• Systematic analysis of analytical techniques for polysaccharide composition determination.
• Detailed examination of pre-column and post-column derivatization methods for monosaccharide analysis using liquid chromatography (LC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and gas chromatography (GC).

Main Results:

• Identified and categorized common derivatization reagents based on detection methodologies.
• Analyzed the principles, features, strengths, and limitations of various derivatization approaches.
• Highlighted the importance of derivatization in enhancing analyte detectability and detection sensitivity in chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques.

Conclusions:

• Derivatization is a fundamental strategy for accurate monosaccharide analysis.
• Selection of appropriate derivatization methods depends on polysaccharide structure, biological function, and reaction dynamics.
• This review offers guidance for choosing optimal derivatization techniques for comprehensive polysaccharide characterization.