Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

23.8K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
23.8K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

42.3K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
42.3K
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

2.8K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
2.8K
Resonance and Hybrid Structures02:16

Resonance and Hybrid Structures

16.8K
According to the theory of resonance, if two or more Lewis structures with the same arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule, ion, or radical, the actual distribution of electrons is an average of that shown by the various Lewis structures.
Resonance Structures and Resonance Hybrids
The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N–O and N=O bonds.
16.8K
Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

6.7K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
6.7K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.3K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>N</i>-Methylene-C Bridged 4-Azido-3,5-dinitropyrazole and <i>N</i>-Hydroxytetrazole: Metal-Free Primary Explosive and Powerful Secondary Explosives.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

Design and Synthesis of Insensitive Fused Triazolo-Pyrimidine-Based Energetic Materials.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

<i>N</i>-Methylene-C linkages: a versatile tool for engineering unsymmetrical energetic materials with an energy-stability balance.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

<i>N</i>-Acetimidamide Functionalized 4-Amino-3,5-dinitropyrazole as an Oxygen-Containing Cation for Thermally Stable Energetic Salts.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2025
Same author

K<sub>2</sub>MODNP: A Lead-Free Initiator with Excellent Thermal Stability and Promising Energetic Performance.

Organic letters·2025
Same author

<i>N</i>-Methylene-C Linked 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole and <i>N</i>-Hydroxytetrazole: Insensitive Energetic Materials Enlivened by <i>N</i>-Hydroxyl Group.

Organic letters·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Preparation and Reactivity of Gasless Nanostructured Energetic Materials
09:50

Preparation and Reactivity of Gasless Nanostructured Energetic Materials

Published on: April 2, 2015

10.2K

Zwitterionic Energetic Materials: Synthesis, Structural Diversity and Energetic Properties.

Prachi Bhatia1, Krishna Pandey1, Dheeraj Kumar1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal
|June 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Zwitterionic compounds offer superior energetic properties due to efficient packing and strong electrostatic interactions. This review explores their design, synthesis, and properties, highlighting potential for new energetic materials.

Keywords:
AzolesDetonationEnergetic MaterialsHigh Energy Density MaterialsPrimary ExplosivesZwitterionic

More Related Videos

Nanothermite with Meringue-like Morphology: From Loose Powder to Ultra-porous Objects
07:46

Nanothermite with Meringue-like Morphology: From Loose Powder to Ultra-porous Objects

Published on: December 24, 2017

7.7K
Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

25.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Preparation and Reactivity of Gasless Nanostructured Energetic Materials
09:50

Preparation and Reactivity of Gasless Nanostructured Energetic Materials

Published on: April 2, 2015

10.2K
Nanothermite with Meringue-like Morphology: From Loose Powder to Ultra-porous Objects
07:46

Nanothermite with Meringue-like Morphology: From Loose Powder to Ultra-porous Objects

Published on: December 24, 2017

7.7K
Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

25.5K

Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energetic Materials

Background:

  • Zwitterionic compounds are a rapidly developing class of energetic materials.
  • They exhibit enhanced energetic properties compared to traditional energetic salts.
  • Their unique structure allows for efficient molecular packing and strong electrostatic interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the design, synthesis, and physicochemical properties of zwitterionic energetic materials.
  • To compare the properties of zwitterionic energetic compounds with their salt analogues.
  • To encourage further research and development in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of zwitterionic energetic materials.
  • Analysis of structure-property relationships.
  • Comparison of properties based on parent ring structures and charge-bearing moieties.

Main Results:

  • Zwitterionic energetic materials can be synthesized into various classes, including primary explosives, secondary explosives, heat-resistant explosives, and oxidizers.
  • Their superior performance is attributed to efficient packing and strong inter/intramolecular electrostatic interactions.
  • Specific examples demonstrate advantages over analogous energetic salts.

Conclusions:

  • Zwitterionic compounds represent a promising platform for designing advanced energetic materials.
  • Further exploration of their synthesis and property evaluation is warranted.
  • This class of materials holds significant potential for future applications in energetic systems.