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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
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Type 2 Diabetes.

Allison L Crawford1, Neda Laiteerapong2

  • 1The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois (A.L.C.).

Annals of Internal Medicine
|June 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) management emphasizes early glycemic control and addressing mental and social health. Recent advancements include continuous glucose monitoring and medications for cardiorenal protection, crucial for primary care.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Primary Care Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a widespread condition linked to serious vascular, renal, and neurological issues.
  • Effective prevention and management of T2D and its complications are critical public health priorities.
  • Recent years have seen significant progress in understanding T2D care, highlighting key areas for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on Type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment.
  • To focus on advancements relevant to primary care physicians.
  • To consolidate information on glycemic control, mental health, social determinants, nutrition, and pharmacotherapy for cardiorenal protection.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of recent studies and clinical guidelines.

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  • Synthesis of evidence on emerging T2D management strategies.
  • Focus on practical applications for primary care settings.

    • Main Results:

    • Early intensive glycemic control is vital for T2D management.
    • Mental health and social determinants of health significantly impact T2D outcomes.
    • Continuous glucose monitoring offers improved insights into glycemic control.
    • Certain medications demonstrate benefits in preventing cardiorenal disease in T2D patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Primary care physicians play a crucial role in implementing evidence-based T2D prevention and treatment strategies.
    • A holistic approach incorporating glycemic control, mental well-being, social factors, and targeted pharmacotherapy is essential.
    • Continuous advancements necessitate ongoing education for primary care providers to optimize T2D patient care.