Wearable biosensors in cardiovascular disease

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science
• Cardiovascular Health

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality globally.
• Early detection and continuous monitoring are crucial for effective CVD management.
• Wearable biosensors are emerging as promising tools for non-invasive, real-time health assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in wearable biosensors for cardiovascular disease monitoring.
• To highlight key sensing signals, biomarkers, and advanced sensing technologies.
• To discuss challenges and future perspectives in wearable biosensing for CVD.

Main Methods:

• Review of sensing signals (ECG, PCG, pulse wave velocity, blood pressure) and biomarkers.
• Examination of advanced sensing techniques: electrophysiology, optical, electrochemical, and implantable devices.
• Exploration of hydrogel, flexible electronics, and polymer-based biosensors (contact lens, textile, patch, tattoo).

Main Results:

• Wearable biosensors utilize diverse signals and biomarkers for cardiovascular health assessment.
• Advanced techniques include hydrogel, flexible electronics, and polymer-based sensors for various body fluids.
• Innovations span contact lens, textile, patch, and tattoo-type wearable sensors.

Conclusions:

• Wearable biosensors are rapidly evolving for cardiovascular disease monitoring.
• Challenges remain in developing multifunctional and advanced diagnostic tools.
• Future perspectives point towards integrated wearable systems for comprehensive healthcare applications.