Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

631
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
631
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

290
Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
290
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

7.2K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.2K
Factorial Design02:01

Factorial Design

13.0K
Factorial Analysis is an experimental design that applies Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical procedures to examine a change in a dependent variable due to more than one independent variable, also known as factors. Changes in worker productivity can be reasoned, for example, to be influenced by salary and other conditions, such as skill level. One way to test this hypothesis is by categorizing salary into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and skills sets into two levels (entry level...
13.0K
The Representativeness Heuristic02:13

The Representativeness Heuristic

15.8K
The representative heuristic describes a biased way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something. For example, you may assume that your professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with your stereotypes of professors.
15.8K
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

5.9K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
5.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sensitivity to Geometric Shape Regularity Emerges Independently of Vision.

Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science·2025
Same author

From shape to number: Shape-from-dots homogeneity boosts groupitizing enumeration.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2025
Same author

The Neural Bases of Graphical Perception: A Novel Instance of Cultural Recycling?

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2025
Same author

Outlier detection and rejection in scatterplots: Do outliers influence intuitive statistical judgments?

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2022
Same author

Spatial frequency equalization does not prevent spatial-numerical associations.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2022
Same author

Nonsymbolic numerosity in sets with illusory-contours exploits a context-sensitive, but contrast-insensitive, visual boundary formation process.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

10.8K

The interplay between spatial and non-spatial grouping cues over approximate number perception.

Andrea Adriano1, Lorenzo Ciccione2,3

  • 1Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin center, 91191, Gif/Yvette, France. andrea.adriano@hotmail.com.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|June 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual grouping cues like connectedness and symmetry, alongside luminance similarity, influence number perception. When combined, these cues additively reduce perceived numerosity, impacting approximate number system models.

Keywords:
Approximate number systemConnectednessGestalt organizationLuminance similaritySymmetry

More Related Videos

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.5K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2025

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

10.8K
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.5K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Visual perception
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Humans and animals possess innate abilities to estimate quantities.
  • Visual perception of numerosity is influenced by Gestalt principles, with grouping cues often leading to underestimation.
  • Previous research indicated that spatial cues (connectedness, symmetry) and non-spatial cues (color similarity) affect numerosity perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how isolated and conjoined Gestalt cues (connectedness, symmetry) interact with luminance similarity in numerosity perception.
  • To determine if the additive conjunction effect observed with color and closure extends to other grouping cues.
  • To test the hypothesis that combined grouping cues result in a summed underestimation of numerosity.

Main Methods:

  • Participants engaged in a numerosity comparison task, judging stimuli with varying grouping cues.
  • Experiment 1 examined the effects of connectedness and luminance similarity, both in isolation and conjunction.
  • Experiment 2 investigated the conjunction of symmetry and luminance similarity.

Main Results:

  • Isolated grouping cues (connectedness, symmetry, luminance similarity) led to higher points of subjective equality, indicating underestimation.
  • Conjunction of grouping cues (connectedness + luminance; symmetry + luminance) resulted in a linear summation of individual biases.
  • The combined effect of multiple grouping cues produced a greater underestimation of numerosity than any single cue alone.

Conclusions:

  • Both spatial and non-spatial visual cues significantly impact approximate numerosity perception.
  • The conjunction effect, where combined cues lead to additive underestimation, is a robust phenomenon extending to connectedness and symmetry.
  • These findings refine models of visual numerosity processing, highlighting the additive nature of combined grouping cue influences.