Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

False Memories01:18

False Memories

83
False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
83
Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

5.5K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
5.5K
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

37.6K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
37.6K
Groupthink01:34

Groupthink

44.3K
When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...
44.3K
Beck's Cognitive Therapy01:25

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

46
Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...
46
Social Proof00:52

Social Proof

27.7K
Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
27.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ad-based social media interventions increase belief accuracy and generate pro-social opinions among non-news readers.

PloS one·2026
Same author

How deceptive online networks reached millions in the US 2020 elections.

Nature human behaviour·2026
Same author

The effects of political advertising on Facebook and Instagram before the 2020 US election.

Nature human behaviour·2026
Same author

Message Humanness as a Predictor of AI's Perception as Human: Secondary Data Analysis of the HeartBot Study.

JMIR AI·2026
Same author

Human-Delivered Conversation Versus AI Chatbot Conversation in Increasing Heart Attack Knowledge in Women in the United States: Quasi-Experimental Studies.

Journal of medical Internet research·2025
Same author

AI HeartBot to Increase Women's Awareness and Knowledge of Heart Attacks: Nonrandomized, Quasi-Experimental Study.

JMIR cardio·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

38.0K

Prominent misinformation interventions reduce misperceptions but increase scepticism.

Emma Hoes1, Brian Aitken2, Jingwen Zhang3

  • 1Department of Political Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. hoes@ipz.uzh.ch.

Nature Human Behaviour
|June 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Current misinformation interventions may increase skepticism towards all information, including accurate facts. This study reveals that while combating fake news, these strategies can unintentionally erode trust in credible sources and democratic institutions.

More Related Videos

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

11.6K
The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling
06:51

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

Published on: April 6, 2018

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2025

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

38.0K
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

11.6K
The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling
06:51

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

Published on: April 6, 2018

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Political Science
  • Communication Studies

Background:

  • Misinformation poses a significant threat to democratic societies.
  • Existing interventions like fact-checking and media literacy may have unintended negative consequences.
  • Skepticism towards information, including accurate content, can be a byproduct of these interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the negative spillover effects of common misinformation interventions.
  • To compare the efficacy and drawbacks of existing strategies against alternative approaches.
  • To assess the impact of interventions on perceptions of both factual and false information and trust in democratic institutions.

Main Methods:

  • Three online survey experiments were conducted in the United States, Poland, and Hong Kong.
  • A total of 6,127 participants were exposed to fact-checking, media literacy tips, and media coverage of misinformation.
  • Alternative interventions were also tested and compared against existing strategies.

Main Results:

  • All tested interventions successfully reduced belief in false information.
  • However, interventions also negatively impacted the perceived credibility of factual information.
  • Exposure to these strategies led to increased skepticism towards information in general.

Conclusions:

  • Current misinformation interventions, while effective against falsehoods, can inadvertently foster broader skepticism.
  • There is a critical need for developing improved strategies to combat misinformation.
  • Future interventions must aim to minimize harm to the credibility of accurate information and maintain trust in democratic institutions.