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    A novel single-beam spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) atomic magnetometer uses coordinate system deflection for vector magnetic field measurement. This miniaturized sensor achieves high sensitivity, enabling applications in biomagnetism.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic physics
    • Magnetometry
    • Sensor technology

    Background:

    • Spin Exchange Relaxation Free (SERF) atomic magnetometers offer high sensitivity.
    • Vector magnetometers are crucial for applications like biomagnetism.
    • Existing SERF magnetometers can be complex and costly.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and validate a new single-beam three-axis SERF vector atomic magnetometer.
    • To investigate the system's response to coordinate system deflection.
    • To assess the potential for miniaturization and cost reduction.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a theoretical model for system response under arbitrary angle deflection.
    • Simulation and analysis of system response at various deflection angles.
    • Experimental validation of the magnetometer at a 45-degree deflection angle.

    Main Results:

    • Theoretical model established for system response to coordinate system deflection.
    • Simulations showed response changes with deflection angle, converging at 45 degrees.
    • Experimental sensitivities achieved: 55 fT/Hz1/2 (x1-axis), 38 fT/Hz1/2 (y1-axis), 60 fT/Hz1/2 (z1-axis).

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed single-beam SERF vector magnetometer scheme is effective.
    • The 45-degree deflection angle optimizes performance.
    • This technology enables miniaturized, low-cost weak magnetic sensors for biomagnetism vector measurement.