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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum physics
    • Wave-particle duality
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Double-slit experiments traditionally demonstrate wave properties of light.
    • Hard X-rays offer potential for high-resolution imaging but present experimental challenges.
    • Photon-counting detectors enable single-photon detection and analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To conduct double-slit interference experiments using monochromatic hard X-rays.
    • To investigate single-particle interference patterns with X-rays.
    • To explore applications in medical X-ray phase-contrast imaging at low doses.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a synchrotron source for 25 keV monochromatic hard X-rays.
    • Employed a 110 m interferometer-to-detector distance for broad interference patterns.
    • Used a photon-counting detector with 75 micrometer pixels to record over one million single-photon frames.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully observed a clear X-ray interference pattern in the summed single-photon frames.
    • Objectively estimated the minimum number of photons required to confirm interference via the Rose criterion.
    • Demonstrated the feasibility of single-particle X-ray interference.

    Conclusions:

    • Single-particle X-ray interference is achievable and observable.
    • Quantified the photon count threshold for reliable interference detection.
    • Paved the way for advanced medical X-ray imaging techniques with reduced radiation exposure.