Dark solitons and their bound states in a nonlinear fiber with second- and fourth-order dispersion

We study the excitations of dark solitons in a nonlinear optical fiber with the second- and fourth-order dispersion, and find the emergence of striped dark solitons (SDSs) and some multi-dark-soliton bound states. The SDSs can exhibit time-domain oscillating structures on a plane wave, and they have two types: the ones with or without the total phase step, while the multi-dark-soliton bound states exhibit different numbers of amplitude humps. By the modified linear stability analysis, we regard the SDSs as the results of the competition between periodicity and localization, and analytically give their existence condition, oscillation frequency, and propagation stability, which show good agreements with numerical results. We also provide a possible interpretation of the formation of the existing striped bright solitons (SBSs), and find that SBS will become the pure-quartic soliton when its periodicity and localization carry equal weight. Our results provide the theoretical support for the experimental observation of striped solitons in nonlinear fibers, and our method can also guide the discovery of striped solitons in other physical systems.