Upconversion-pumped femtosecond thulium laser at 2309 nm mode-locked by a GaSb-based SESAM

We report on a femtosecond thulium laser operating on the ³H₄ → ³H₅ transition with upconversion pumping around 1 µm and passively mode-locked by a GaSb-based SEmiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror (SESAM). This laser employs a 6 at.% Tm:LiYF₄ laser crystal and a polarization maintaining Yb-fiber master oscillator power amplifier at 1043 nm as a pump source addressing the ³F₄ → ³F_2,3 excited-state absorption transition of Tm³⁺ ions. In the continuous-wave regime, the Tm-laser generates 616 mW at ∼2313 nm with a slope efficiency of 10.0% (vs. the incident pump power) and a linear polarization (π). By implementing a type-I SESAM with a single ternary strained In_0.33Ga_0.67Sb quantum well embedded in GaSb for sustaining and stabilizing the soliton pulse shaping, the self-starting mode-locked Tm-laser generated pulses as short as 870 fs at a central wavelength of 2309.4 nm corresponding to an average output power of 208 mW at a pulse repetition rate of 105.08 MHz and excellent mode-locking stability. The output power was scaled to 450 mW at the expense of a longer pulse duration of 1.93 ps. The nonlinear parameters of the SESAM are also reported.