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    This study presents a novel two-dimensional transmissive grating polarization beam splitter (PBS). It achieves high polarization splitting diffraction efficiency and extinction ratio, enabling new applications in polarization imaging and measurement.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Nanotechnology
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Polarization beam splitters (PBS) are crucial optical components.
    • Existing PBS technologies face limitations in efficiency, size, or complexity.
    • Novel grating-based solutions are needed for advanced optical systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel two-dimensional transmissive grating as a polarization beam splitter (PBS).
    • To demonstrate high polarization-sensitive properties and diffraction efficiency.
    • To explore applications in polarization imaging and high-precision measurement.

    Main Methods:

    • Design and optimization of a two-dimensional transmissive grating structure.
    • Simulation and analysis of light-matter interaction at 550nm wavelength.
    • Characterization of diffraction efficiency and extinction ratio for TE and TM polarizations.

    Main Results:

    • The optimized grating concentrates TE-polarized light into (0, ±1) orders and TM-polarized light into (±1, 0) orders.
    • Achieved polarization splitting diffraction efficiency (DE) of 40.17%.
    • Extinction ratio (ER) exceeding 18dB was demonstrated.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed two-dimensional transmissive grating functions as a high-performance PBS.
    • This represents a pioneering use of 2D gratings for splitting polarization in perpendicular planes.
    • The simple, robust, and versatile design offers broad applicability in optical sensing and imaging.