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A Narrative Overview of Coronavirus Infection: Clinical Signs and Symptoms, Viral Entry and Replication, Treatment
Vishal Chavda1,2, Dhananjay Yadav3, Harisinh Parmar4
1Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto94305, CA, USA.
Insights
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents challenges due to its varied symptoms and evolving variants. This review examines current and future therapeutic strategies for this global health crisis.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019, causing significant global morbidity and mortality.
- The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits rapid transmission and complex pathophysiology, leading to a syndrome with diverse systemic effects.
- Viral evolution and the emergence of new variants pose ongoing challenges to effective treatment and control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive narrative review of COVID-19.
- To discuss the origin, etiology, transmission, and pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2.
- To explore current diagnostic technologies, therapeutic targets, and future treatment options for COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- A narrative review methodology was employed.
- Literature search conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases.
- Inclusion of epidemiological data, pre-clinical and clinical trial outcomes, and recent therapeutic alternatives.
Main Results:
- Despite extensive research, precise therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 remain uncertain.
- Some drugs show efficacy in early-stage infections, and several vaccines and medicines have been licensed.
- Ongoing global efforts focus on developing potent immunizations and effective treatments against SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 is a complex syndrome with evolving viral strains, necessitating continuous research into diagnostics and therapeutics.
- Current treatments and vaccines offer hope, but the search for optimal therapies against SARS-CoV-2 continues.
- This review synthesizes existing knowledge and highlights future directions for combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract:
The global pandemic known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is causing morbidity and mortality on a daily basis. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV- -2) virus has been around since December 2019 and has infected a high number of patients due to its idiopathic pathophysiology and rapid transmission. COVID-19 is now deemed a newly identified "syndrome" condition since it causes a variety of unpleasant symptoms and systemic side effects following the pandemic. Simultaneously, it always becomes potentially hazardous when new variants develop during evolution. Its random viral etiology prevents accurate and suitable therapy. Despite the fact that multiple preclinical and research studies have been conducted to combat this lethal virus, and various therapeutic targets have been identified, the precise course of therapy remains uncertain. However, just a few drugs have shown efficacy in treating this viral infection in its early stages. Currently, several medicines and vaccinations have been licensed following clinical trial research, and many countries are competing to find the most potent and effective immunizations against this highly transmissible illness. For this narrative review, we used PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus to obtain epidemiological data, pre-clinical and clinical trial outcomes, and recent therapeutic alternatives for treating COVID-19 viral infection. In this study, we discussed the disease's origin, etiology, transmission, current advances in clinical diagnostic technologies, different new therapeutic targets, pathophysiology, and future therapy options for this devastating virus. Finally, this review delves further into the hype surrounding the SARS-CoV-2 illness, as well as present and potential COVID-19 therapies.
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