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Interferon Epsilon: Properties and Functions

Barsa Sahebnazar1, Javad Saberynejad2, Mohammad Reza Atashzar1

  • 1Department of Immunology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.

Current Molecular Medicine
|June 11, 2024
PubMed

Interferon epsilon (IFN-ε) belongs to the type I IFN group and exhibits various biological properties. IFN-ε exhibits different regulation mechanisms and expression via other type I IFNs. Its hormonal regulation suggests that this INF can have different functions and pathways from other type I IFNs. Although IFN-ε exhibits lower antiproliferative, anti-tumor, and antiviral activities compared to IFN-α, it has been identified to contribute to mucosal immunity, combat bacterial infections, and aid in the prevention of specific sexually transmitted diseases, such as HIV, Zika virus, etc. IFN-α and IFN-β with their well-established properties have been a research hotspot for many years; nevertheless, IFN-ε, whose unique roles are only now beginning to emerge, may be an intriguing subject for future study. This review focuses on the known activity of IFN-ε in certain cancers, pregnancy, autoimmune diseases, bacterial infections, and viruses. The aim of this paper is to enhance the understanding of the potential efficacy of IFN-ε treatment in the future.

Keywords:
IFN-αInterferon epsilonPRP.anti-tumorantiviralautoimmune diseases

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