Understanding the mediation effects of cigarettes per day on time to first cigarette and carcinogen biomarkers: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2016
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Smokers who have their first cigarette within 30 minutes of waking have higher carcinogen biomarkers. Cigarettes smoked per day did not mediate this association, indicating other factors may be involved.
Area Of Science
- Environmental Health
- Toxicology
- Public Health
Background
- Previous studies link shorter time to first cigarette (TTFC) to higher carcinogen biomarker levels.
- The mediating role of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) between TTFC and carcinogen biomarkers is not well understood.
Purpose Of The Study
- To investigate the association between TTFC and specific carcinogen biomarkers.
- To examine whether CPD mediates the relationship between TTFC and carcinogen biomarkers.
Main Methods
- Utilized multivariable linear regression models to analyze NHANES 2015-2016 data.
- Assessed urine biomarkers for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and cadmium.
- Compared smokers with TTFC ≤30 minutes versus >30 minutes.
Main Results
- Smokers with short TTFC (≤30 min) showed significantly higher concentrations of 8 out of 17 VOC metabolites.
- Elevated levels of PAHs and cadmium were also observed in short TTFC smokers.
- No mediation effect of CPD was found on the association between TTFC and carcinogen biomarkers.
Conclusions
- Short TTFC is associated with higher levels of VOCs, PAHs, and cadmium in smokers.
- Cigarettes smoked per day do not mediate the link between TTFC and these carcinogen biomarkers.
- Further research is needed to understand other potential mediators.
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