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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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2023 Update on Vascular Anesthesia.

Alan M Smeltz1, Emily J Newton1, Priya A Kumar2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.

Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
|June 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This clinical update reviews recent literature on vascular surgery and anesthesia since 2019. It covers key trends in carotid artery, aortic, and peripheral vascular surgery, plus patient preoperative evaluation.

Keywords:
aortic aneurysm, abdominal* / surgerycarotid disease / surgeryperipheral vascular diseases / surgerypreoperative carevascular surgical procedures

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • The last clinical update on vascular surgery and anesthesia was published in 2019.
  • Significant advancements and evolving trends have emerged in the field since then.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive clinical update on vascular surgery and anesthesia.
  • To review and synthesize recent literature published after 2019.
  • To focus on major developments in specific surgical areas and patient evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications in vascular surgery and anesthesia.
  • Synthesis of current discussions and trends.
  • Focus on key areas: carotid artery surgery, infrarenal aortic surgery, peripheral vascular surgery, and preoperative evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Identifies and summarizes evolving discussions and current trends in vascular surgery and anesthesia.
  • Highlights major points from recent literature in specified surgical domains.
  • Provides an updated overview for clinicians.

Conclusions:

  • The review offers a timely update on critical aspects of vascular surgery and anesthesia.
  • It synthesizes recent literature to inform clinical practice.
  • Key areas covered include carotid, aortic, and peripheral vascular procedures, alongside preoperative patient assessment.