Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare genetic disease of autosomal dominant inheritance, with an estimated prevalence of 3-20/100 000. Its main feature is neuroendocrine neoplasia in the parathyroid glands, the endocrine pancreas, the duodenum, and the pituitary gland. In this article, we review the diagnostic and therapeutic options for MEN1-associated tumors.

We present an analysis and evaluation of retrospective case studies retrieved from PubMed, guidelines from Germany and abroad, and our own experience.

The disease is caused by mutations in the MEN1 gene. Mutation carriers should participate in a regular, specialized screening program from their twenties onward. The early diagnosis and individualized treatment of MEN1-associated tumors can prevent the development of life-threatening hormonal syndromes and prolong the expected life span of MEN1 patients from 55 to 70 years, as well as improving their quality of life. Surgical treatment is based on the location, size, growth dynamics, and functional activity of the tumors. The evidence for treatment strategies is derived from retrospective studies only (level III evidence) and the optimal treatment is often a matter of debate. This is a further reason for treatment in specialized centers.

MEN1 is a rare disease, and, consequently, the evidence base for its treatment is limited. Carriers of disease-causing mutations in the MEN1 gene should be cared for in specialized interdisciplinary centers, so that any appreciable tumor growth or hormonal activity can be detected early and organ-sparing treatment can be provided.