Preparation and efficacy of antibacterial methacrylate monomer-based polymethyl methacrylate bone cement containing
Rui Guo1,2, Yu-Chen Kan1,2, Yang Xu3
1Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Introduction:
Our objective in this study was to prepare a novel type of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, analyze its material properties, and evaluate its safety and antibacterial efficacy.
Methods:
A halamine compound methacrylate antibacterial PMMA bone cement containing an N-Cl bond structure was formulated, and its material characterization was determined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and 1H-NMR. The antibacterial properties of the material were studied using contact bacteriostasis and releasing-type bacteriostasis experiments. Finally, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility experiments were performed to analyze the toxic effects of the material on mice and embryonic osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1).
Results:
Incorporation of the antibacterial methacrylate monomer with the N-halamine compound in the new antibacterial PMMA bone cement significantly increased its contact and releasing-type bacteriostatic performance against Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, at 20% and 25% additions of N-halamine compound, the contact and releasing-type bacteriostasis rates of bone cement samples reached 100% (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the new antibacterial bone cement containing 5%, 10%, and 15% N-halamine compounds showed good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusion:
In this study, we found that the novel antibacterial PMMA bone cement with N-halamine compound methacrylate demonstrated good contact and releasing-type bacteriostatic properties against S. aureus. In particular, bone cement containing a 15% N-halamine monomer exhibited strong antibacterial properties and good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility.
Insights
A new polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement incorporating N-halamine compounds shows excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. This novel PMMA bone cement also demonstrates good biocompatibility for potential clinical applications.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Polymer Chemistry
- Infectious Disease Research
Background:
- Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is widely used in orthopedic surgery.
- Bacterial infections remain a significant complication following bone cement implantation.
- There is a need for effective antibacterial bone cements to prevent and treat infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a novel PMMA bone cement with enhanced antibacterial properties.
- To evaluate the material characteristics, antibacterial efficacy, and biocompatibility of the new bone cement.
Main Methods:
- Formulation of PMMA bone cement with a halamine compound methacrylate containing an N-Cl bond.
- Material characterization using FT-IR and 1H-NMR.
- Assessment of antibacterial activity via contact and releasing-type bacteriostasis assays.
- Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility in mice and MC3T3-E1 cells.
Main Results:
- The novel PMMA bone cement demonstrated significant contact and releasing-type bacteriostatic performance against Staphylococcus aureus.
- 100% bacteriostasis rates were achieved with 20% and 25% N-halamine compound additions.
- PMMA bone cement with 5-15% N-halamine compounds exhibited good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility.
Conclusions:
- The novel N-halamine compound-containing PMMA bone cement possesses effective contact and releasing-type antibacterial properties against S. aureus.
- A 15% N-halamine monomer concentration in PMMA bone cement provides strong antibacterial effects with favorable biocompatibility.
- This innovative bone cement holds promise for reducing infection risks in orthopedic procedures.
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