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Related Concept Videos

Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

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Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
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Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
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X-linked Traits01:19

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In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
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Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling
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[Lynch syndrome].

Verena Steinke-Lange1,2,3,4, Elke Holinski-Feder5,6,7,8

  • 1MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Bayerstraße 3-5, 80335, München, Deutschland. verena.steinke-lange@mgz-muenchen.de.

Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany)
|June 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lynch syndrome, a common hereditary cancer risk, stems from DNA mismatch repair gene variants. Early diagnosis allows for genetic testing, targeted surveillance, and aspirin chemoprevention for patients and families.

Keywords:
DNA mismatch repairGenomic instabilityHereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancerHereditary tumor predispositionMicrosatellite instability

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Oncology
  • Hereditary Cancer Syndromes

Background:

  • Lynch syndrome is a frequent hereditary cancer predisposition.
  • It significantly increases the risk of gastrointestinal and gynecological tumors.
  • Autosomal dominant inheritance of DNA mismatch repair gene variants causes Lynch syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of diagnosing Lynch syndrome.
  • To inform about the implications for patients and their families.
  • To underscore the role of genetic variants and microsatellite instability.

Main Methods:

  • Detection of causative genetic variants in patients.
  • Analysis of microsatellite instability in tumor tissue.
  • Family-member predictive testing and risk-adapted surveillance strategies.

Main Results:

  • Identification of specific DNA mismatch repair gene variants.
  • Demonstration of microsatellite instability in affected individuals' tumors.
  • Successful implementation of predictive testing for relatives.

Conclusions:

  • Diagnosing Lynch syndrome is crucial for patient and family management.
  • Genetic testing enables personalized cancer surveillance and prevention.
  • Aspirin chemoprevention shows promise for Lynch syndrome patients.