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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
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Alternaria Allergy and Immunotherapy.

Hao Chen1, Rongfei Zhu2,3

  • 1Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, chenhao1019@126.com.

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
|June 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Alternaria allergy immunotherapy faces challenges due to extract standardization issues. Novel approaches targeting Alt a1 show promise but require further human studies for effective and safe allergy treatment.

Keywords:
Allergen componentAllergen immunotherapyAlternariaStandardizationVaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Alternaria is a significant airborne allergen causing respiratory allergies and fungal food allergy syndrome.
  • It triggers type 2 inflammation, increasing inflammatory cytokines and eosinophils, leading to allergic symptoms.
  • Standardizing Alternaria extracts for allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is difficult, impacting treatment effectiveness and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics, epidemiology, immune mechanisms, and diagnosis of Alternaria allergy.
  • To explore the application and limitations of current Alternaria allergen immunotherapy (AIT).
  • To discuss novel AIT strategies and vaccines for improved Alternaria allergy management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Alternaria allergy research.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods including clinical evaluation, skin prick tests, and serum-specific IgE.
  • Examination of component-resolved diagnosis utilizing Alt a1.

Main Results:

  • Alternaria sensitization is common and exacerbates respiratory allergies.
  • Component-resolved diagnosis using Alt a1 is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • Novel AIT methods and vaccines targeting Alt a1 show potential but are in early developmental stages.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of Alternaria allergy requires understanding its multifaceted nature.
  • Current AIT faces standardization hurdles, necessitating innovative treatment strategies.
  • Future research should focus on validating new vaccines and immunotherapies in human trials.