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Bovine interferon alpha genes. Structure and expression.

B Velan, S Cohen, H Grosfeld

    The Journal of Biological Chemistry
    |May 10, 1985
    PubMed
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    Researchers explored the bovine interferon-alpha (bIFN-alpha) gene family, finding conserved regions across mammals. Recombinant bIFN-alpha showed antiviral activity in bovine cells but not human cells.

    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Immunology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • The bovine genome possesses a diverse interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) gene family with multiple members.
    • Bovine IFN-alpha (bIFN-alpha) genes exhibit significant sequence homology among themselves and with other mammalian IFN-alphas.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the bovine IFN-alpha gene family and investigate the functional conservation of key amino acid sequences.
    • To express and assess the antiviral activity of a specific bIFN-alpha subtype.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation and sequencing of bIFN-alpha genes.
    • Comparative sequence analysis with human, murine, and rat IFN-alphas.
    • Expression of bIFN-alpha C in Escherichia coli and purification of the recombinant protein.

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  • Antiviral assays on bovine, human, and simian cell lines.

    • Main Results:

    • Four highly homologous bIFN-alpha genes were identified (97% nucleotide, 93% amino acid homology).
    • Bovine IFN-alpha shares approximately 60% amino acid homology with human, murine, and rat counterparts, with conserved clusters reaching 86% homology.
    • A 9-amino acid sequence within the C-terminus is conserved across 16 mammalian IFN-alphas, with 7 residues shared with bacterial toxins.
    • Recombinant bIFN-alpha C demonstrated specific antiviral activity against bovine cells but not human or simian cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Bovine IFN-alpha genes share significant structural and sequence similarities with other mammalian orthologs, particularly in functionally important domains.
    • The conserved domains suggest a shared evolutionary origin and potentially similar functional roles across species.
    • The species-specific antiviral activity of recombinant bIFN-alpha highlights its potential for targeted therapeutic applications in cattle.