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Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Evaluating Regional Pulmonary Deposition using Patient-Specific 3D Printed Lung Models

Evaluating Regional Pulmonary Deposition using Patient-Specific 3D Printed Lung Models

Published on: November 11, 2020

3D printing in anatomical lung segmentectomies: A randomized pilot trial.

Madalina Grigoroiu¹, Jean-François Paul², Emmanuel Brian¹

¹Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Institut Du Thorax Curie-Montsouris, 42, Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France.

|June 13, 2024

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This pilot study found that 3D printed lung models did not significantly change surgeons' mental workload during thoracoscopic segmentectomy compared to digital models alone. Both approaches resulted in high workload scores, indicating potential areas for improvement in pre-operative planning tools.

Area of Science:

Thoracic Surgery
Medical Imaging
Surgical Planning

Background:

Pre-operative planning is crucial for complex thoracic surgeries like segmentectomy.
3D reconstructions of patient-specific anatomy offer enhanced visualization.
The impact of tangible 3D printed models versus purely digital models on surgeon cognitive load is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of 3D printed bronchovascular lung anatomy models on surgeon mental workload during thoracoscopic segmentectomy.
To compare the utilization of digital 3D models with and without a physical 3D printed counterpart.
To assess surgeon fatigue and cognitive demand using the NASA-TLX score.

Main Methods:

A feasibility pilot study of a randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms.

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Patients underwent digital 3D reconstruction of bronchovascular anatomy.

Randomization to either a digital-only arm or a digital plus 3D printed model arm.

Primary endpoint: surgeon mental workload measured by NASA-TLX.

Main Results:

No statistically significant difference in mental workload (NASA-TLX) between the digital and digital+printed model groups.
Consultation of the digital model was significantly lower when a 3D printed model was available (6 vs. 54 consultations).
Both groups reported high NASA-TLX scores, especially for mental demand, temporal demand, and effort.

Conclusions:

3D printed models and digital 3D reconstructions had an equivalent effect on experienced surgeons performing thoracoscopic anatomic segmentectomy.
The study highlights the potential impact of 3D printing on surgeon experience, focusing on cognitive load rather than procedural outcomes.
Further research may explore optimizing 3D modeling strategies to reduce surgeon mental workload.