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Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Epidemiology and Serotype Replacement After the Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Ontario, Canada, 2007-2022

  • 0Health Protection, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Open Forum Infectious Diseases +

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June 13, 2024

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June 13, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence decreased in young children after the 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) but increased for other serotypes. Continued surveillance is vital for vaccination programs.

Area Of Science

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant public health concern.
  • Recent vaccine advancements in Canada necessitate updated epidemiological assessments.
  • Understanding age- and serotype-specific IPD trends is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose Of The Study

  • To analyze age- and serotype-specific trends in IPD incidence and severity in Ontario.
  • To evaluate the impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on IPD epidemiology.
  • To assess IPD trends during the COVID-19 pandemic era.

Main Methods

  • Retrospective analysis of all confirmed IPD cases in Ontario from 2007 to 2022.
  • Defined pre-PCV13, post-PCV13, and COVID-19 pandemic eras for comparison.
  • Estimated incidence, hospitalization, and case fatality rates (CFR) by age and serotype groups, including PCV13, PCV15-non-PCV13, PCV20-non-PCV13, and non-vaccine-preventable (NVP) serotypes.

Main Results

  • IPD incidence and hospitalizations declined in children under 5 years post-PCV13, though CFR increased.
  • Adults aged 50-64 and ≥65 years experienced increased hospitalizations.
  • Serotypes covered by PCV13 decreased, while non-PCV13, PCV20-non-PCV13, and NVP serotypes increased.
  • IPD incidence saw a decline during the COVID-19 pandemic era.

Conclusions

  • PCV13 introduction led to decreased IPD incidence and hospitalizations for PCV13 serotypes, but increased incidence for other serotypes.
  • Shifting serotype distribution necessitates ongoing surveillance to inform vaccination strategies.
  • Continuous monitoring is essential to adapt to evolving pneumococcal disease epidemiology.

Keywords:

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