Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 5, 2026
10:26
A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Published on: June 2, 2015
17.2K
Describing Intravenous Extravasation Injuries in Children (DIVE2 Study)
Jamil Alnoor Devsi1, Vanessa Paquette2, Roxane R Carr3
1, PharmD, ACPR, is with the Department of Pharmacy, Children's & Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services, and the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.
The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy
|June 13, 2024
Summary
Extravasation injuries in children remain rare, with common causes including IV fluids and medications like vancomycin. Most patients experience mild outcomes, and no adverse events from antidotes were reported in this study.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Medicine
- Clinical Pharmacy
- Patient Safety
Background:
- Extravasation, the unintended administration of IV fluids or medications into surrounding tissues, can lead to severe complications, especially in children.
- Limited data exists on the management and outcomes of pediatric extravasation injuries, particularly concerning the use of pharmacologic antidotes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence of extravasation injuries at a tertiary pediatric center.
- To identify frequently implicated agents and assess the use and effects of antidotes.
- To describe the spectrum of complications associated with these injuries.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective review of medical records for pediatric patients with extravasation injuries was conducted.
- Data collected included injury details, management protocols, and patient outcomes over a 12-year period.
Main Results:
- The incidence of extravasation was 0.04% per patient-day, with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with lipids, vancomycin, and IV fluids being the most common agents.
- The majority of patients, particularly neonates and infants, experienced mild outcomes with no reported adverse drug events from antidotes.
- A significant number of cases (110/242) were excluded from outcome analysis due to incomplete data.
Conclusions:
- The incidence of extravasation injuries at the institution is low, with consistent causative agents and generally mild outcomes.
- Further prospective research is necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of antidotes used in managing extravasation injuries in pediatric populations.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Drug Dosing: Infants and Children
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
01:26Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
01:20Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
01:22Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography
IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
01:19Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging
DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
01:30Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...