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Applying multi-omics toward tumor microbiome research.

Nan Zhang1,2, Shruthi Kandalai1,2, Xiaozhuang Zhou1,2

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA.

Imeta
|June 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The tumor microbiome is a key player in cancer, influencing its development and treatment. Advanced multi-omics technologies, particularly single-cell omics, offer powerful tools to overcome research challenges and understand its role.

Keywords:
cancer biologyhost‐microbe interactionmulti‐omicstumor microbiometumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Microbiology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The tumor microbiome, once considered a transient presence, is now recognized as a critical factor influencing carcinogenesis, cancer progression, metastasis, and therapeutic responses.
  • Research into the tumor microbiota is rapidly expanding, driven by its potential for early cancer diagnosis and treatment, and is benefiting from interdisciplinary technological advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the advancements in multi-omics technologies for tumor microbiome research.
  • To highlight the current and potential applications of multi-omics approaches in understanding the complex interplay between microbes and the tumor microenvironment.
  • To provide a comprehensive omics toolbox for researchers in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on multi-omics technologies applied to tumor microbiome studies.
  • Focus on the integration of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, with an emphasis on single-cell omics.
  • Discussion of methods addressing challenges like low bacterial biomass and unculturable species.

Main Results:

  • Multi-omics technologies, especially single-cell omics, provide high spatial and temporal resolution crucial for complex tumor microbiome research.
  • These integrated approaches enable a deeper understanding of the tumor microbiome across different biological levels, from genes to metabolites.
  • The review consolidates current applications and outlines future potential for these powerful analytical tools.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-omics, particularly single-cell omics, are indispensable for deciphering the intricate relationship between the tumor microbiome and the tumor microenvironment.
  • These technologies are poised to significantly advance cancer diagnosis, treatment strategies, and our fundamental understanding of cancer biology.
  • The provided omics toolbox will guide future investigations in this rapidly evolving scientific domain.