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Related Experiment Video

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Real-Time, Two-Color Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging of Mouse Brain for Tissue Diagnosis
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Human brain tissue identification using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance

Sébastien Jerczynski1,2, Mireille Quémener1,2, Valérie Pineau Noël1,2

  • 1CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada.

Neurophotonics
|June 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Optical tools like diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy (CARS) can identify brain tissues during deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead insertion, aiding neurosurgical guidance.

Keywords:
Parkinson’s diseasecoherent anti-Stokes Raman scatteringdeep brain stimulationdiffuse reflectance spectroscopyoptical guidance

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Optical Spectroscopy
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead insertion requires precise navigation within brain tissue.
  • Current methods for intraoperative tissue identification can be limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy (CARS) for real-time human brain tissue identification during DBS lead insertion.
  • To develop an optical system integrated into a DBS lead for intraoperative spectral acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • A custom optical probe integrating DRS and CARS capabilities was developed and integrated into a commercial DBS lead.
  • Spectra were acquired from white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) in a human cadaver during lead insertion.
  • Spectral data were analyzed using principal component analysis and compared with histological classifications.

Main Results:

  • DRS and CARS spectra successfully identified WM and GM along the DBS lead trajectory.
  • The optical probe differentiated unique tissue compositions, indicating potential for target confirmation.
  • DRS showed potential for detecting blood, evidenced by hemoglobin absorption signatures.

Conclusions:

  • Optical measurements from a DBS lead can identify brain tissue types (WM/GM) and potentially blood during surgery.
  • This optical tool offers real-time feedback for surgeons, potentially improving lead placement accuracy.
  • The technology could streamline procedures by potentially replacing microelectrode recordings, reducing surgery time, though further clinical integration is needed.