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Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
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Development of a scale for parent-to-baby emotions: Concepts, design, and factor structure

Ayako Hada1,2,3, Masumi Imura4, Toshinori Kitamura1,2,5,6

  • 1Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo Tokyo Japan.

PCN Reports : Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|June 13, 2024
PubMed

Insights

This study developed the Scale for Parent-to-Baby Emotions (SPBE) to measure primary emotions in response to infant crying. The SPBE is a reliable tool for assessing parent-to-baby emotions in research and clinical settings.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Parenting Research

Background:

  • Infant crying, essential for survival, can negatively impact caregivers.
  • Primary emotions, felt directly in response to events, are hypothesized to mediate caregiver responses to infant cries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a new scale, the Scale for Parent-to-Baby Emotions (SPBE), for measuring basic and self-conscious emotions in parents towards infant cries.
  • To assess the psychometric properties of the SPBE, including reliability and measurement invariance.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional web survey was conducted with 879 mothers one month postpartum.
  • The Scale for Parent-to-Baby Emotions (SPBE), comprising 73 items, was administered.
  • Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate the scale's structure, with item parcels and omega indices for internal consistency and measurement invariance testing.

Main Results:

  • A six-factor bifactor model for basic emotions and a four-factor model for self-conscious emotions demonstrated strong psychometric properties.
  • The models showed good fit indices (CFI > 0.968, RMSEA < 0.079).
  • The scale exhibited stability across parity in terms of configural, measurement, and structural invariance.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Scale for Parent-to-Baby Emotions (SPBE) is a psychometrically robust measure.
  • SPBE is a promising tool for assessing primary emotions in parent-to-baby interactions within clinical and research contexts.
Abstract

Keywords:
basic emotionsdifferences between nulliparas and multiparasinfant cryinginfant gendermeasurement and structural invarianceself‐conscious emotions

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