Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of HPV in Hangzhou, China

For women, cervical cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is causatively linked to over 90% of cervical cancer cases. Our retrospective study explored the clinical and laboratory data of outpatients with HPV infection to analyze the prevalence and genotype distribution of 3,793 outpatients in the Hangzhou area by using HPV genotype tests. It could provide value for an effective prevention and treatment of HPV infection.

In total, 3,793 female outpatients were randomly selected from January 2022 to December 2023. Exfoliated cervical cells were collected using a cytobrush and HPV genotype screening was conducted for testing. Data of all outpatients were collected from the hospital's electronic medical records, and SPSS 26.0 software was used to perform the statistical analysis.

Out of 3,793 outpatients, 953 were detected as positive, and the positive rate was 25.13%. The age of the outpatients ranged from 15 - 97, with an average age of 39.91. All outpatients were divided into six age groups. Among the six age groups, the HPV positive rates were, with ascending age, 43.90%, 33.27%, 21.49%, 16.99%, 27.30%, and 25.48%, and the highest positive rate was observed in those aged  20 with a rate of 43.90%. There were significant differences in the positive rates among different age groups (p < 0.05). There were more outpatients with a single infection than with multiple infection (p < 0.05). The positive rate of single infection was the highest in the 31 - 40 and 41 - 50 age groups (74.32% for both) and the positive rate of multiple infection was the highest in the  20 age group (66.67%). Among 24 genotypes, HPV 52, 58, and 51 were the most commonly detected. All three were high-risk genotypes, and HPV 52 was the most dominant in all age groups. As distribution according to quarter, more HPV infection occurred in the fourth quarter, which had a significant difference (p < 0.05). And in the first quarter, the number of HPV positive infections was the lowest.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV in the Hangzhou area were different from those of other regions. More single infection, and more multiple infection occurring in low age and in the fourth quarter were the characteristics of HPV infection in the Hangzhou area. It was suggested that vaccine containing HPV 52 might be a better choice for this region.