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Published on: September 26, 2018
[Secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases : targeting all the cardiovascular risk factors]
Marie Moonen1, Hélène Petitjean1, Patrizio Lancellotti1,2
1Service de Cardiologie, CHU Liège, Belgique.
Insights
Secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease involves lifestyle changes and medication for high-risk individuals. This approach effectively reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality by managing risk factors and preventing recurrent events.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Preventive Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Secondary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) disease is crucial for patients with a history of CV events or those at very high risk.
- Lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatments are essential components of managing CV risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline strategies for secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
- To detail recommended pharmacological treatments and risk factor management for high-risk individuals.
Main Methods:
- Review of current guidelines and evidence for secondary CV prevention.
- Focus on hygienic-dietary measures: increased physical activity, diet modification, weight loss, smoking cessation.
- Discussion of recommended pharmacological classes and therapeutic targets.
Main Results:
- Hygienic-dietary measures significantly reduce CV morbidity and mortality.
- Pharmacological treatments provide additional proven benefits in secondary CV prevention.
- Optimal management of CV risk factors and achievement of therapeutic targets are emphasized.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive approach combining lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy is vital for secondary CV prevention.
- Effective management of CV risk factors and adherence to therapeutic targets improve patient outcomes.
- This strategy is key to reducing recurrent CV events and preventing first-time occurrences in high-risk populations.
Abstract:
This article focuses on the secondary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) diseases, namely the prevention of recurrence in subjects with a personal history of CV event, and the prevention of a first event in patients identified as at very high risk. For all these patients at very high risk, treatment is primarily based on the application of hygienic and dietary measures, including increasing the volume of physical activity, modifying the diet, and obtaining, if necessary, weight loss, as well as stopping smoking. This strategy has proven its benefits in terms of reducing morbidity and mortality. In addition, these patients must receive pharmacological treatment, whose the additional benefits are proven. The article details the pharmacological classes that are currently recommended, as well as the optimal management of CV risk factors and the therapeutic targets to be achieved.
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