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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Immunomethylomic profiles of long-term head and neck squamous cell carcinoma survivors on immune checkpoint

Min Kyung Lee¹, Ze Zhang¹, Kartik Sehgal²

¹Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03755, USA.

|June 13, 2024

Summary

Predicting immunotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is challenging. Monitoring immune cell fluctuations, like CD8 T cells, may reveal biomarkers for treatment success in HNSCC patients.

Keywords:

DNA methylation head and neck squamous cell carcinoma immune checkpoint inhibitors immune profiles immunomethylomics methylation cytometry

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Genomics

Background:

Predicting immunotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a significant clinical challenge.
Identifying reliable biomarkers is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamic changes in immune cell profiles of HNSCC patients undergoing immunotherapy.
To explore potential immune-based biomarkers for predicting treatment response in HNSCC.

Main Methods:

DNA methylation cytometry was employed to analyze immune cell populations.
Longitudinal immune profiling was conducted on six HNSCC patients with a positive immunotherapy response over one year.

Main Results:

An initial surge in CD8 T memory cells and natural killer cells was observed during the first four immunotherapy cycles, returning to baseline after one year.
HNSCC immunotherapy responders exhibited lower baseline CD8 T cell levels, which normalized post-treatment compared to healthy controls.

Conclusions:

Dynamic monitoring of immune cell fluctuations, particularly CD8 T cells, may serve as a potential biomarker for immunotherapy response in HNSCC.
These findings highlight the utility of immune profiling in understanding and predicting treatment efficacy in HNSCC.