Biomarkers in breast cancer 2024: an updated consensus statement by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology and the Spanish Society of Pathology

Ramon Colomer ¹, Blanca González-Farré ², Ana Isabel Ballesteros ³

¹UAM Personalised Precision Medicine Chair & Medical Oncology Department, La Princesa University Hospital and Research Institute, C/Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain. rcolomer@seom.org.
²Pathological Anatomy Service, Clínic Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
³Medical Oncology Department, La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
⁴Pathological Anatomy Service, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵Medical Oncology Department, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Medicine Department of the University of Valencia and Clinic University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
⁶Pathological Anatomy Service, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, IRYCIS and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
⁷Medical Oncology Department, Navarra University Hospital, Navarre, Spain.
⁸Anatomy Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
⁹Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁰Pathological Anatomy Service, Department of Pathology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, IRYCIS and CIBERONC, Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, Km 9,1, 28034, Madrid, Spain. jose.palacios@salud.madrid.org.

⁰UAM Personalised Precision Medicine Chair & Medical Oncology Department, La Princesa University Hospital and Research Institute, C/Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain. rcolomer@seom.org.

Clinical & Translational Oncology : Official Publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico +

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June 13, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This updated guideline recommends key biomarkers for early and advanced breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Testing includes estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Ki-67, HER2, and BRCA genes to guide therapy decisions.

Area Of Science

Oncology
Pathology
Genetics

Background

The Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and Spanish Society of Pathological Anatomy (SEAP) previously issued recommendations in 2018.
Biomarker testing is crucial for accurate breast cancer diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.

Purpose Of The Study

To update consensus recommendations for biomarker utilization in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
To provide guidance on prognostic and predictive biomarker testing for early and advanced stages of the disease.

Main Methods

Consensus-based recommendations from an expert group.
Review and integration of current evidence on biomarker utility in breast cancer.

Main Results

Recommends ER, PR, Ki-67, and HER2 testing in early breast cancer.
Suggests BRCA gene testing for high-risk HER2-negative early breast cancer.
Recommends PIK3CA, ESR1, BRCA, and PD-L1 testing in specific advanced breast cancer contexts.
Identifies TILs, HRD, AKT pathway, and NGS as investigational biomarkers.

Conclusions

Updated recommendations aim to optimize patient care through precise biomarker-driven therapeutic strategies.
Genetic prognostic platforms can aid in treatment decisions for ER-positive early breast cancer.
Further research is needed for investigational biomarkers to establish their clinical utility.

Keywords:

Breast neoplasm Diagnostic Gene expression profiling Prognostic Therapy predictive