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Updated: May 6, 2026
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Published on: October 29, 2015
Green and Versatile High-Throughput Microwell Oxidation-Based Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of
Ibrahim A Darwish1, Nourah Z Alzoman1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Background:
Galidesivir (GDV) is a promising new antiviral drug for the potent and safe treatment of a broad spectrum of viral diseases, including COVID-19. In the literature, no analytical method exists for the determination of GDV in bulk and dosage form.
Objective:
The aim of this study was the development of versatile green and simple microwell spectrophotometric methods (MW-SPMs) for the determination of GDV in its bulk form and capsules.
Methods:
Three MW-SPMs were developed involving the oxidation of GDV by ammonium metavanadate (AMV), chromium trioxide (CTO), and potassium iodate (PIO) in an acid medium. The reactions were carried out in 96-well plates at room temperature and the absorbances of chromogenic reaction products were measured by an absorbance microplate reader at 780, 595, and 475 nm for AMV, CTO, and PIO, respectively. Variables influencing the reactions were carefully investigated and optimized.
Results:
Linear relations with excellent correlation coefficients (0.9991-0.9997) were found between the absorbances and GDV concentrations in the range of 25-500 µg/mL. The LODs were ≥8.3 µg/mL. The accuracy and precision of the three MW-SPMs were confirmed by recovery and replicate analysis, respectively. The recovery values were 98.6-101.2% and the RSDs were ≤1.02%. The proposed MW-SPMs were successfully applied to the analysis of GDV in bulk drug and capsules with high accuracy and precision. The greenness of the MW-SPMs was confirmed by three comprehensive metric tools.
Conclusion:
The proposed MW-SPMs combined the inherent advantages of microwell-based analysis and the use of common laboratory reagents for the reactions involved. These advantages include high-throughput, ready automation, reduced sample/reagent volume, precise measurements, and versatility. The advantages of the use of common laboratory reagents include availability, consistency, compatibility, safety, and cost-effectiveness.
Highlights:
Overall, the proposed MW-SPMs are versatile valuable tools for the quantitation of GDV during its pharmaceutical manufacturing.
