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Beyond the hippocampus: Amygdala and memory functioning in older adults.

Tess H Bookheimer1, Aarthi S Ganapathi1, Fatima Iqbal1

  • 1Pacific Neuroscience Institute Foundation, Pacific Brain Health Center, 1301 20th St, Suite 250, Santa Monica, CA, USA.

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Summary

Greater amygdala volume in older adults correlates with better verbal and visual memory performance, comparable to hippocampal effects. This suggests the amygdala plays a key role in memory functioning and decline in aging populations.

Keywords:
AmygdalaHippocampusOlder adultsVerbal memoryVisual memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Medial temporal lobe atrophy is linked to explicit memory decline.
  • The hippocampus is critical for memory, but the amygdala's role is less understood.
  • Investigating amygdala volume and memory in older adults with and without cognitive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between amygdala volume and memory functioning in older adults.
  • To compare the contribution of the amygdala to memory with that of the hippocampus.
  • To explore these relationships in a clinical sample including cognitively impaired individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of older adults undergoing neuropsychological assessment and MRI.
  • Quantification of regional brain volumes (hippocampus, amygdala) using Neuroreader® software.
  • Statistical analysis using mixed-effects general linear models and partial correlations, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Greater amygdala volumes were associated with better verbal and visual memory performance.
  • Effect sizes for amygdala volume were comparable to hippocampal volume.
  • No significant lateralized effects were observed; partial correlations ranged from 0.47 to 0.33 (p<.001).

Conclusions:

  • The amygdala is a significant structure for memory functioning in older adults.
  • Findings support considering the broader limbic system, including subcortical structures, in memory processes and age-related decline.
  • The amygdala warrants further research for its role in memory and cognitive impairment.