Periprosthetic giant cell tumour of the tibia: en bloc resection and megaprosthesis revision

We present a case detailing the diagnosis and management of a periprosthetic giant cell tumour in a female patient in her 70s, who had undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for primary osteoarthritis in her right knee 7 years prior. The patient reported 4 months of painful weight-bearing. Various imaging modalities, including plain radiographs, CT scans and MRI, revealed a sizeable lytic lesion beneath the TKA prosthesis, along with loosening of the tibial component.Blood tests and analyses of synovial fluid ruled out periprosthetic joint infection, and a biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of a giant cell tumour of the bone. Treatment entailed en bloc resection of the tumour and revision of the TKA using a hinged, oncological-type megaprosthesis. Surgical procedures involved careful resection of the proximal tibia, preservation of vasculature and the creation of a medial gastrocnemius muscle flap. Following surgery, the patient underwent supervised rehabilitation with a functional brace.