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Related Concept Videos

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism01:23

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism

5.4K
Imine formation involves the addition of carbonyl compounds to a primary amine. It begins with the generation of carbinolamine through a series of steps involving an initial nucleophilic attack and then several proton transfer reactions. The second part includes the elimination of water, as a leaving group, to give the imine.
Imines are formed under mildly acidic conditions. A pH of 4.5 is ideal for the reaction.
If the pH is low or the solution is too acidic, the reaction slows down in the...
5.4K
Structure of Amines01:19

Structure of Amines

2.5K
The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’...
2.5K
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

5.9K
Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
5.9K
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

2.4K
Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
2.4K
Amines: Introduction01:07

Amines: Introduction

4.3K
Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia. They are formed by replacing one or more ammonia protons with alkyl or aryl groups. Depending upon the number of organyl groups bonded to nitrogen, amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary amines have one organyl group attached to the nitrogen atom, while secondary and tertiary amines have two and three organyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, respectively.
4.3K
Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Overview01:16

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Overview

4.6K
Primary amines react with carbonyl compounds—aldehydes and ketones—to generate imines. Imines consist of a C=N double bond and are named Schiff bases after its discoverer—the German chemist Hugo Schiff. On the other hand, secondary amines react with carbonyl compounds to give enamines. In enamines, the presence of a C=C double bond adjacent to the nitrogen atom leads to the delocalization of the lone pair.
4.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Standardizing the Development of Amine-Based Silica Composites as CO2 Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture
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Atom-level interaction design between amines and support for achieving efficient and stable CO2 capture.

Xin Sun1, Xuehua Shen2,3, Hao Wang4

  • 1School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.

Nature Communications
|June 13, 2024
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Summary

Researchers developed a new amine-support system for efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. This system uses polyethyleneimine impregnated into MIL-101(Cr) for stable and cost-effective CO2 removal.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Amine-functionalized adsorbents show promise for CO2 capture but suffer from low efficiency and poor cyclic stability.
  • Developing effective and stable CO2 capture materials is crucial for mitigating climate change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize an amine-support system for efficient and stable CO2 capture.
  • To investigate the atom-level interactions and performance of the novel adsorbent.

Main Methods:

  • Atom-level design and impregnation of polyethyleneimine (PEI) into MIL-101(Cr) cages.
  • Characterization of the composite adsorbent's structure and chemical interactions.
  • Evaluation of CO2 adsorption capacity, kinetics, regeneration energy, and cyclic stability.

Main Results:

  • The PEI-MIL-101(Cr) composite exhibited a high CO2 adsorption capacity of 4.0 mmol/g.
  • The adsorbent demonstrated excellent cyclic stability with only 0.18% decay per cycle.
  • Low regeneration energy (39.6 kJ/molCO2) and rapid adsorption kinetics (15 min) were achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The novel amine-support system offers a feasible, cost-effective, and sustainable strategy for CO2 capture.
  • The unique electron-level interaction prevents carbamate dehydration, enhancing adsorbent performance.
  • This work presents a promising advancement in materials for carbon capture technologies.