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Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Systems01:22

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Mechanical systems are analogous to to electrical networks where springs and masses play similar roles to inductors and capacitors, respectively. A viscous damper in mechanical systems functions similarly to a resistor in electrical networks, dissipating energy. The forces acting on a mass in such systems include an applied force in the direction of motion, counteracted by forces from the spring, a viscous damper, and the mass's acceleration. This interplay of forces is mathematically...
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Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
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Electromechanical systems are intricate configurations that effectively combine electrical and mechanical elements to achieve a desired outcome. Central to many of these systems is the DC motor, a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion, enabling various applications ranging from simple fans to complex robotic mechanisms.
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One-Degree-of-Freedom System01:24

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In mechanical engineering, one-degree-of-freedom systems form the basis of a wide range of electrical and mechanical components. Using these models, engineers can predict the behavior of various parts in a larger system, which gives them insight into how different forces interact with each other.
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Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines01:14

Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines

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The mechanical efficiency of a machine is a fundamental concept that describes how effectively a machine can convert input work into output work. According to this concept, the efficiency of a machine is equal to the ratio of the output work to the input work. An ideal machine, meaning a machine that has no energy losses, has an efficiency of one. This implies that the input work and the output work are equal.
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Torque Free Motion01:15

Torque Free Motion

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The torque-free motion refers to the movement of a rigid body in space when no external torques are acting upon it. This type of motion can be observed in environments where there are no external forces or frictions, like in outer space. For example, a rotation of Mars in space is a torque-free motion. Mars is an axisymmetric object, meaning it has an axis of symmetry along which it rotates, designated as the z-axis. The rotating frame of reference is defined such that the center of mass of...
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Related Experiment Video

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Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System
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Hybrid FFF/CNC: An open source hardware & software system.

Luis Vincent Tejada Martinez1,2,3, Jean-François Witz1,2,3, Denis Najjar1,2,3

  • 1CNRS: UMR 9013 - LaMcube - Laboratoire de Mécanique, Multiphysique, Multiéchelle, Lille, France.

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PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a low-cost hybrid FFF/CNC manufacturing system using a 3D printer and open-source software. The hybrid process significantly enhances surface roughness, improving it by a factor of 10.

Keywords:
Additive manufacturingCNCFFFHybridMillingSubtractive manufacturing

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Area of Science:

  • Manufacturing Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Traditional manufacturing processes often face limitations in achieving desired surface finish.
  • Hybrid additive and subtractive manufacturing offers potential for improved material properties and surface quality.
  • Integrating CNC milling with Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) presents an opportunity for low-cost, high-precision fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a low-cost hybrid Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling system.
  • To assess the impact of a hybrid manufacturing process on surface roughness parameters.
  • To investigate the effectiveness of open-source software solutions for implementing hybrid manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • A spindle was mounted on a multi-tool 3D printer (E3D "ToolChanger") for CNC milling.
  • Two open-source software solutions were utilized: FreeCAD for CAM programming and SuperSlicer for layer-by-layer hybridization.
  • Experimental tests were conducted to compare surface roughness before and after the hybrid process.

Main Results:

  • The developed hybrid system successfully improved surface roughness parameters by a factor of 10.
  • Uniformization of surface roughness was observed in both construction and deposition/machining directions.
  • Layer-by-layer hybridization demonstrated superior surface roughness results due to minimized stress and temperature rise.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed low-cost hybrid FFF/CNC system effectively enhances surface quality.
  • Open-source software integration enables accessible implementation of advanced hybrid manufacturing techniques.
  • The layer-by-layer hybridization approach is particularly effective for achieving superior surface finish in hybrid manufacturing.