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Association between asthma and cardiovascular diseases: A longitudinal follow-up study using a national health

Hyo Geun Choi1, Mi Jung Kwon2, Ji Hee Kim3

  • 1Suseo Seoul E.N.T. Clinic and MD Analytics, Seoul, South Korea.

The World Allergy Organization Journal
|June 14, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Adults with asthma face a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Severe asthma exacerbations further increase this CVD risk.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Asthma's role as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor is debated.
  • Existing evidence linking asthma and CVDs lacks conclusive findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term associations between asthma and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
  • To explore the impact of asthma exacerbations on the incidence of specific CVDs like ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF), and stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort (2002-2015).
  • Included 111,316 asthma patients and an equal number of matched controls.
  • Employed propensity score overlap-weighted Cox proportional hazards regression to analyze hazard ratios (HRs).

Main Results:

  • Asthma patients showed higher incidence rates for IHD (7.82 vs. 5.79 per 1000 person-years) and HF (2.53 vs. 1.36 per 1000 person-years) compared to controls.
  • Adjusted analyses revealed significantly higher HRs for IHD (1.27-fold) and HF (1.56-fold) in asthma patients.
  • Asthma exacerbations were linked to increased HRs for IHD (1.29-fold) and HF (1.68-fold).
  • A decreased occurrence of stroke was observed in asthma patients (aHR=0.96).

Conclusions:

  • Adults diagnosed with asthma exhibit a greater likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases.
  • Frequent or severe asthma exacerbations are significantly associated with an elevated risk of CVD occurrence.
Abstract

Keywords:
AsthmaCardiovascular diseasesEpidemiology

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