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Related Concept Videos

Impact01:30

Impact

142
Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
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Pressure of Fluids01:14

Pressure of Fluids

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There are many examples of pressure in fluids in everyday life, such as in relation to blood (high or low blood pressure) and in relation to weather (high- and low-pressure weather systems). A given force can have a significantly different effect, depending on the area over which the force is exerted. For instance, a force applied to an area of 1 mm2 has a pressure that is 100 times greater than the same force applied to an area of 1 cm2. That's why a sharp needle is able to poke through...
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Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

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When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
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Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest01:11

Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

242
In a fluid at rest, the pressure at any point beneath the fluid surface depends solely on the depth, not on the container's shape or size. This principle, known as hydrostatic pressure, arises because, in stationary fluids, there is no acceleration, meaning the forces within the fluid balance out. Only vertical forces, caused by the weight of the fluid above, contribute to pressure changes with depth.
When measuring pressure at two different levels within the fluid, the difference in...
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Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

8.5K
Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
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Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

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Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Film Control to Study Contributions of Waves to Droplet Impact Dynamics on Thin Flowing Liquid Films
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Drop impact dynamics of complex fluids: a review.

Phalguni Shah1, Michelle M Driscoll1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. michelle.driscoll@northwestern.edu.

Soft Matter
|June 14, 2024
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Summary

Understanding non-Newtonian fluid drop impacts on surfaces is crucial for industrial applications. This review covers advances in studying complex fluid dynamics, focusing on polymeric and particulate fluids.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Fluid drop impact on solid substrates is vital for industrial processes like inkjet printing and pesticide spraying.
  • Most industrial fluids are non-Newtonian, exhibiting complex flow behavior due to additives.
  • Existing research on Newtonian fluid impacts is extensive, but non-Newtonian fluid dynamics remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent experimental, theoretical, and computational progress in the impact dynamics of complex fluids on solid surfaces.
  • To provide a multidisciplinary overview of the field of non-Newtonian fluid drop impacts.
  • To highlight future research directions and challenges in this area.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental, theoretical, and computational studies.
  • Segmentation of discussion based on material constitution: polymeric fluids and particulate suspensions.
  • Synthesis of findings to identify key advances and challenges.

Main Results:

  • Recent advances in understanding non-Newtonian fluid impact dynamics have been made.
  • The behavior of polymeric fluids and particulate suspensions during impact differs significantly.
  • Key experimental and theoretical challenges persist in fully characterizing these phenomena.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to fully understand the impact dynamics of non-Newtonian fluids.
  • Addressing current challenges will enhance applications in industrial coating and spraying.
  • This review serves as a guide for multidisciplinary researchers entering the field.