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Updated: Jun 23, 2025
Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock Modeled via Liver Laceration in Mice with Real Time Hemodynamic Monitoring
Published on: May 21, 2017
Prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times, thromboelastography, hematocrit, and platelet count in a
Gareth E Zeiler1,2,3, Brighton T Dzikiti1,4, Eva Rioja5
1Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Objective:
To describe and compare prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thromboelastography (TEG), HCT, and platelet count measurements in a hemorrhage/over-resuscitation model.
Design:
Randomized crossover study.
Setting:
University teaching hospital.
Animals:
Six cats.
Interventions:
Anesthetized cats underwent 3 treatments at 2-month intervals. The treatments were as follows: NHR-no controlled hemorrhage and sham resuscitation; LRS-controlled hemorrhage and lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) for resuscitation; and Voluven-controlled hemorrhage and 6% tetrastarch 130/0.4 for resuscitation. The LRS and Voluven were administered at 60 and 20 mL/kg/h, respectively, for 120 minutes. Blood samples were drawn for PT, aPTT, TEG, HCT, and platelet count measurements at a healthy check (T - 7d), after controlled hemorrhage (T0), at 60 and 120 minutes of resuscitation (T60 and T120), and at 24 hours after completion of resuscitation (T24h). Data were analyzed using a general linear mixed model approach (significance was P < 0.05).
Measurements And Main Results:
Total median blood loss (controlled hemorrhage and blood sampling from T0 to T120) at T120 was 11.4, 31.0, and 30.8 mL/kg for NHR, LRS, and Voluven, respectively. PT and aPTT during LRS and Voluven were prolonged at T60 and T120 compared to NHR (P < 0.001). On TEG, the reaction time, kinetic time, and alpha-angle were within reference intervals for cats at all time points in all treatments, while maximum amplitude was less than the reference interval (40 mm) at T0, T60, and T120 during Voluven and at T60 and T120 during LRS compared to NHR (both P < 0.001). The HCT and platelet count were significantly lower at T60 and T120 during LRS and Voluven compared to NHR (P < 0.001).
Conclusions:
Hypocoagulopathy was observed during hemorrhage and liberal fluid resuscitation. Prolongation of PT and aPPT and decreased clot strength may have been caused by hemodilution and platelet loss.
