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A Preclinical Model of Exertional Heat Stroke in Mice
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Preventing Exertional Heat Stroke in Football: Time for a Paradigm Shift.
Scott A Anderson1, E Randy Eichner2, Scott Bennett3
1College Athletic Trainers Society, Norman, Oklahoma.
Sports Health
|June 14, 2024
Summary
Football conditioning poses a high risk for exertional heat stroke (EHS), especially for linemen. Prevention requires position-specific training, modified activity for heat, and avoiding physical exertion as punishment.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Environmental Physiology
- Injury Prevention
Background:
- Football exhibits the highest incidence of exertional heat stroke (EHS) among American sports, with 100% of fatalities occurring during conditioning sessions.
- Linemen represent a high-risk population, accounting for 97% of football EHS deaths due to their faster heat gain and slower cooling rates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the causes of exertional heat stroke (EHS) in football.
- To identify effective prevention strategies for EHS in football, particularly for linemen.
Main Methods:
- A case series analysis of organized, supervised football at youth, high school, and collegiate levels.
- Data compiled from the National Registry of Catastrophic Sports Injuries, media reports, autopsy findings, and published medical literature.
- Literature search using PubMed with terms "football," "exertional heat stroke," and "prevention."
Main Results:
- Exertional heat stroke in football is linked to non-position-specific conditioning, physical exertion as punishment, inadequate heat/humidity modifications, delayed recognition of EHS symptoms, and delayed cooling.
- Linemen are particularly vulnerable due to physiological differences in heat regulation.
Conclusions:
- Preventative measures include position-specific training, heat-load-based activity modification, and avoiding physical exertion as punishment.
- Eliminating inappropriate drills, conditioning tests, and serial sprints for linemen is crucial.
- Consideration of air-conditioned facilities for linemen during hot practices and training them based on game demands are recommended strategies.
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