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Related Concept Videos

Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

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Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

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Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
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Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Oncology And Carcinogenesis
  9. Predictive And Prognostic Markers
  11. The Role Of Endogenous Opioids In Cardioprotection.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Oncology And Carcinogenesis
  9. Predictive And Prognostic Markers
  11. The Role Of Endogenous Opioids In Cardioprotection.

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The Role of Endogenous Opioids in Cardioprotection.

Cristina Sirbu1

  • 1Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France.

Advances in Neurobiology
|June 14, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The opioid system, involving opioid receptors (OPRs), impacts cardiovascular performance. OPRs in the heart modify responses to stress and can offer cardioprotection, suggesting therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
CardioprotectionCardiovascularEndogenous opioidsOpioid receptors

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The opioid system comprises opioid receptors (OPRs) and endogenous opioid peptides.
  • OPRs are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) found in the cardiovascular system, including the heart.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the distribution and function of OPRs in the cardiovascular system.
  • To investigate the role of OPRs in cardiac performance and cardioprotection under various physiological and pathological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of OPR distribution and expression in the heart.
  • Analysis of OPR functional cross-talk with beta adrenergic receptors (β-ARs).
  • Examination of OPR involvement in cardiac contractility, metabolism, and survival.

Main Results:

  • OPRs are co-expressed with β-ARs in the heart, modulating catecholamine effects.
  • The opioid system regulates systemic circulation centrally and peripherally.
  • OPR stimulation inhibits cardiac excitation-contraction coupling but protects against ischemic injury.

Conclusions:

  • The opioid system plays a significant role in cardiovascular regulation and offers cardioprotective benefits.
  • Pharmacological targeting of OPRs presents potential clinical opportunities for cardiovascular conditions.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise impact on cardiac performance and electrophysiology.