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Related Concept Videos

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

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Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Imaging of Podocytic Proteins Nephrin, Actin, and Podocin with Expansion Microscopy
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PExM: polyplex expansion microscopy for cell trafficking studies.

María Navalón-López1, Pau Castells-Colldeforns1, Silvia Pujals2

  • 1Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain. cristina.fornagura@iqs.url.edu.

Nanoscale
|June 14, 2024
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Summary

We developed polyplex expansion microscopy (PExM), a novel technique for visualizing polymer-based nanocarriers within cells. PExM enables high-resolution analysis of nanomedicine trafficking, aiding future clinical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Nanomedicine holds great promise for healthcare but faces challenges in visualizing nano-bio interactions.
  • Current nanoscopy techniques like expansion microscopy (ExM) are valuable but require adaptation for specific nanocarriers.
  • Understanding nanocarrier behavior within cells is crucial for advancing nanomedicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt expansion microscopy (ExM) for visualizing polymer-based nanocarriers, specifically polyplexes, within cells.
  • To introduce polyplex expansion microscopy (PExM) as a novel method for studying nanocarrier trafficking.
  • To establish PExM as a high-resolution, accessible tool for nanomedicine research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized expansion microscopy (ExM) principles and adapted them for polymer-based nanocarriers.
  • Developed a protocol for expanding cells containing polyplex nanocarriers.
  • Analyzed the intracellular trafficking of polyplexes using the established PExM technique.

Main Results:

  • Successfully adapted ExM to create PExM for visualizing polyplex nanocarriers within cellular environments.
  • Demonstrated PExM's capability to analyze the trafficking pathways of polyplex nanoparticles.
  • Validated PExM as a high-resolution imaging technique applicable to primary amine-containing polymeric nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

  • PExM offers a powerful new method for studying nanomedicine behavior at the cellular level.
  • This technique overcomes limitations of existing methods by enabling precise visualization of polyplex trafficking.
  • PExM provides a cost-effective alternative to super-resolution microscopy for nanocarrier research.