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Cervical Cancer Screening Rates Among Rural and Urban Females, From 2019 to 2022.

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Papanicolaou testing rates declined from 2019 to 2022, with rural women experiencing significantly lower screening rates. Targeted interventions are needed to improve access for rural populations and prevent cervical cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Cancer Screening

Background:

  • Papanicolaou (Pap) testing rates have not been extensively studied nationally from pre-pandemic (2019) through the COVID-19 pandemic (2022).
  • Rural females historically exhibit lower cervical cancer screening rates compared to urban counterparts, raising concerns about disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the trends in Papanicolaou testing receipt within the past year among US females.
  • To compare screening rates between rural and urban female populations in 2019, 2020, and 2022.

Main Methods:

  • A repeated cross-sectional study utilizing data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) from 2019, 2020, and 2022.
  • Analysis included females aged 21-65, excluding those not due for screening based on prior test dates.
  • Exposure variables included survey year and rural/urban residence.

Main Results:

  • In 2022, Papanicolaou testing rates were significantly lower in rural areas (48.6%) compared to urban areas (64.0%).
  • Adjusted analysis revealed a significant decrease in past-year Papanicolaou testing in 2022 compared to 2019 (OR, 0.70; P=.02).

Conclusions:

  • Papanicolaou testing rates decreased between 2019 and 2022, highlighting a need to enhance screening access to mitigate potential increases in cervical cancer.
  • Observed rural-urban disparities in 2022 necessitate focused screening initiatives targeting rural female populations.