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Updated: Jun 23, 2025
Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
Published on: March 6, 2019
Improving early diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Oishi Sikdar1, Christopher Harris2, Anne Greenough1
1Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Insights
Early identification of infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is crucial for reducing long-term complications. This review explores methods for improving early BPD diagnosis in the first week of life.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) leads to significant long-term neurodevelopmental and cardiorespiratory issues.
- Early identification of high-risk infants is vital for timely intervention and disease prevention.
- Current diagnostic methods for BPD require improvement to reduce healthcare burden.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss potential methods for enhancing the early diagnosis of BPD.
- To identify strategies for improving the detection of infants at high risk for BPD within the first week post-birth.
Main Methods:
- A narrative review of existing literature was conducted.
- Searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from 1967 to 2024.
- The review discusses potential biomarkers, imaging modalities, and scoring systems for early BPD detection.
Main Results:
- Disruption in pulmonary vascular and alveolar development underlies BPD.
- Genetic factors contribute significantly to BPD risk, though large-scale studies have shown conflicting results.
- Biomarkers and imaging modes show promise for early BPD diagnosis, but comparative studies are needed.
Conclusions:
- Early diagnosis of BPD is essential for mitigating associated complications.
- Further research is required to validate the accuracy of biomarkers and imaging techniques for early BPD detection.
- Developing predictive models incorporating key factors is crucial for effective early intervention.
Introduction:
Bronchopulmonary disease (BPD) is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental and cardiorespiratory complications, often requiring significant use of resources. To reduce this healthcare burden, it is essential that those at high risk of BPD are identified early so that strategies are introduced to prevent disease progression. Our aim was to discuss potential methods for improving early diagnosis in the first week after birth.
Areas Covered:
A narrative review was undertaken. The search strategy involved searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases from 1967 to 2024. The results of potential biomarkers and imaging modes are discussed. Furthermore, the value of scoring systems is explored.
Expert Opinion:
BPD occurs as a result of disruption to pulmonary vascular and alveolar development, thus abnormal levels of factors regulating those processes are promising avenues to explore with regard to early detection of high-risk infants. Data from twin studies suggests genetic factors can be attributed to 82% of the observed difference in moderate to severe BPD, but large genome-wide studies have yielded conflicting results. Comparative studies are required to determine which biomarker or imaging mode may most accurately diagnose early BPD development. Models which include the most predictive factors should be evaluated going forward.
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