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Multicolor phase-correlation interferometer for shock wave refractive index measurements.

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    A new multi-wavelength interferometry method accurately measures refractive index in hypersonic flows. This technique provides high-resolution data for shock waves, optical dispersion, and vibrational relaxation times.

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    Area of Science:

    • Fluid dynamics
    • Optical physics
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Refractive index is crucial for hypersonic flow characterization.
    • Traditional interferometry faces limitations at moderate-to-high pressures.
    • Novel methods are needed for accurate measurements in extreme conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Introduce a novel multi-wavelength phase-correlation interferometric technique.
    • Measure refractive index changes across shock waves.
    • Simultaneously capture optical dispersion and vibrational relaxation times.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilize interference patterns from three or more wavelengths.
    • Employ laser diodes in two wavelength combinations.
    • Compare experimental results with theoretical estimates.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved refractive index resolutions of 2.65 × 10-7.
    • Observed density changes within 2% of theoretical estimates for Mach 2-5 flows.
    • Demonstrated single-shot dispersion and vibrational relaxation measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • The multi-wavelength technique offers accurate refractive index determination.
    • This method is suitable for analyzing hypersonic flows and shock waves.
    • It provides simultaneous measurements of optical dispersion and vibrational relaxation.