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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

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The Variability of Lumbar Sequential Motion Patterns: Observational Study.

Inge Caelers1,2,3, Toon Boselie1,3, Wouter van Hemert1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, Netherlands.

JMIR Biomedical Engineering
|June 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A consistent motion pattern in the upper lumbar spine during extension was observed in most young, healthy males. Defining physiological lumbar spine motion remains complex due to various influencing factors.

Keywords:
cinematographic recordingsextensionflexionlumbar spinemotionmotion patternmusculoskeletalobservational studyphysiologicalphysiological motionrotationsequencespineupper lumbar

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Spinal Kinematics
  • Musculoskeletal Health

Background:

  • Abnormal lumbar spine motion is linked to spinal complaints.
  • Previous research described lumbar spine ranges of motion but lacked detailed segmental patterns.
  • A clear definition of physiological lumbar motion is still needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the physiological motion pattern of the lumbar spine.
  • To determine the sequence of segmental contributions in sagittal rotation during flexion and extension.
  • To analyze motion in healthy young male participants.

Main Methods:

  • Cinematographic recordings of 11 healthy males (aged 18-25) were analyzed.
  • Image recognition software identified segmental rotation patterns (L1-S1).
  • Intraindividual variability and inter-rater reliability were assessed.

Main Results:

  • No consistent segmental motion pattern was found during lumbar spine flexion.
  • A consistent pattern was observed in the upper lumbar spine during the final phase of extension (L3L4, L2L3, L1L2 peaks).
  • This extension pattern occurred in 71% of recordings and was consistent in 64% of participants.

Conclusions:

  • A consistent upper lumbar motion pattern during extension was identified in a majority of asymptomatic young males.
  • Physiological lumbar spine motion is a complex concept influenced by multiple factors.
  • A definitive, firm definition of physiological lumbar motion is not yet established.